Claims
Understand what a medical claim asserts, the gates it passes on the way to a decision, what makes it clean, how it is submitted, and how to find the ones that go quiet.
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What is a medical claim?
A claim is a structured request for payment that asserts who was treated, under what coverage, by whom, what was done, and why. Everything in this section follows from that: each gate a claim passes is checking one of those assertions.
This section covers the claim from the moment care has been delivered to the moment a payer decides — the anatomy of a claim and the formats it travels in, the gates between submission and adjudication, what makes a claim clean, how it is routed and acknowledged, and what to do about the claims that are accepted and then go quiet.
It stops where the payer decides. What happens to a claim that is refused belongs to Denials & Appeals; the two sections meet at adjudication and deliberately do not overlap.
Where to start
A path through the claim, from what it is to what happens when it goes quiet. Each article assumes the one before it.
Understand what a claim is
The assertions a claim makes — identity, coverage, provider, service, necessity — and the formats it travels in: the CMS-1500, the UB-04, and the 837 transaction that actually moves.
Read: What Is a Medical Claim?Follow it through the lifecycle
The four gates between an encounter and a decision — the scrubber, the clearinghouse, the payer's front door, and adjudication — and why the gate a claim fails at matters more than the mistake.
Read: The Claim Lifecycle: The Four Gates a Claim PassesLearn what makes a claim clean
The layers of edits a claim passes, which layer keeps moving, and why clean is a property of a claim relative to a payer rather than an absolute.
Read: What Makes a Claim CleanSubmit it, and read what comes back
Routing through a clearinghouse or direct, and the acknowledgment chain — the only thing that tells you a payer actually has the claim.
Read: Submitting Claims: Routing and the Acknowledgment ChainFind the claims that go quiet
Status, aging, and follow-up as triage — the stretch that belongs to neither the submission process nor denial work.
Read: Tracking a Claim: Status, Aging, and Follow-Up
Featured articles
Start here if you are new to claims.
What Is a Medical Claim?
A medical claim is a structured request for payment that asserts who was treated, by whom, what was done, and why — and every part of it has to be supported.
Updated · 7 min readThe Claim Lifecycle: The Four Gates a Claim Passes
Between an encounter and a payment decision, a claim passes four gates — each owned by someone different, failing differently, and reporting somewhere else.
Updated · 7 min readAll articles
28 articles in this section.
Foundations5
From encounter to charge4
Building the claim6
- The Data Elements That Make a Professional Claim2 min
- CMS-1500 and 837P: Paper Form and Electronic Transaction2 min
- Professional and Institutional Claims: Operational Differences2 min
- Billing, Rendering, and Referring Provider Identifiers2 min
- Place of Service on Professional Claims2 min
- Claim-Level and Line-Level Information2 min
Submission and acknowledgments8
- Claim Creation Controls Before Transmission2 min
- How Claim Batches Are Prepared and Released2 min
- Pre-Submission Claim Validation2 min
- Reading a Payer Companion Guide6 min
- Reading Claim Submission Acknowledgments2 min
- Using Clearinghouse Submission Reports2 min
- Closing the Claim Submission Batch2 min
- The HIPAA Claims Attachment Standard9 min
Corrections and follow-through4
More articles1
Related services
The service that runs this work for a practice.
Related topics
Where claims sit in the wider revenue cycle.
Revenue Cycle Management
The end-to-end process this section is the middle of — and the stages that decide whether a claim can be clean.
Denials & Appeals
What happens after adjudication, when one of the claim's assertions does not hold up.
Payments & Posting
What happens after adjudication when the claim does pay — and the ways a paid claim can still be wrong.
Credentialing
What has to be true before a claim for a provider can pay at all.
Related tools
Calculate the claims metrics from your own figures.
Key terms to understand
Plain-language definitions, defined once on their glossary pages.
About this section
What does the Claims section cover?
The claim from the moment care has been delivered to the moment a payer decides: what a claim asserts and the formats it travels in, the gates it passes between submission and adjudication, what makes a claim clean, how it is routed and acknowledged, and how to find claims that are accepted and then go quiet. It stops at adjudication — what happens to a refused claim is covered in Denials & Appeals.
I'm new to claims — where should I start?
Start with “What Is a Medical Claim?” and follow the roadmap above in order. Each article assumes the one before it: the lifecycle makes more sense once you know what a claim asserts, clean claims make more sense once you know the gates, and follow-up only makes sense once you know what an acknowledgment was supposed to tell you.
How does this section relate to Denials & Appeals?
They meet at adjudication and deliberately do not overlap. This section ends when a payer accepts a claim and decides; that section begins once a decision has gone against you. The same boundary holds in the workflows: The Claim Submission Process ends at acceptance, and The Denial Appeal Process begins after a denial — so a rejection belongs here and a denial belongs there.
Does this section recommend a clearinghouse?
No, and it does not compare products at all. “Submitting Claims” compares the two routing models — through a clearinghouse or direct to the payer — on the dimensions that actually differ between them. We hold no vendor information, so any comparison of specific clearinghouses would be a claim we cannot support; the trade-offs between the models are real and are what the article covers.
Authoritative sources
- X12 — Transaction Sets (opens in a new tab)
The maintained list itself, where the 837 Health Care Claim, the 276 Health Care Claim Status Request and the 277 response are each defined with the data contents X12 establishes for them.
- National Uniform Claim Committee — 1500 Claim Form (opens in a new tab)
NUCC's own page for the professional claim form it maintains, rather than its front door.
- National Uniform Billing Committee — about the NUBC (opens in a new tab)
The committee's own account of how the institutional uniform bill came to exist and who agrees on its data set — the AHA, the payer and provider organizations represented on the committee, and CMS.
- 42 CFR § 424.32(d) — Submission of electronic claims (opens in a new tab)
The ASCA electronic-filing requirement the old entry named without linking, including the definitions it borrows from the HIPAA rules: a claim is the transaction at 45 CFR 162.1101(a), and direct data entry counts as electronic.
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